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Article Reviews
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This article, although not current, serves as a timely reminder of a potential animal toxicity associated with making beer. Many people receive home brew kits for Christmas and are just now trying them out. The article reviews five cases of hops ingestion and notes that ingestion of hops may result in a malignant hyperthermia type reaction in susceptible dogs. A key point, in terms of toxicity, is that hops plugs contain compressed whole leaves and are generally the culprits with little or no toxicity expected from the more popular processed hops pellets.
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Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) or dry eye is a fairly common eye disease in dogs. The range of the 1997 to 2002 annual incidence rate was 0.800% to 1.039% in those veterinary teaching hospitals reporting data. Numerous causes, including drugs, have been identified. The most commonly reported drugs include sulfonamides, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and phenazopyridine. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) have also been associated with the development of KCS in dogs.
By: Reviewed by LR Hovda, DVM , MS , ACVIM
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This article discusses the use of psychoactive medications for treatment of anxiety, aggression and other behavioral issues in canines and felines. After environmental and behavior management has been attempted, the use of medication may be necessary but the benefits and precautions should be thoroughly evaluated before prescribing. It provides suggested doses for many drugs and discusses potential adverse reactions associated with use. By: Reviewed by Erica Cargill , CVT.
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Reviewers Comments: This article presents a very complete review of the use, dose and route of administration, acute toxicity, and contraindications of apomorphine. The reader is reminded that this product is used in dogs only.
By: Reviewed by Dr. Lynn Hovda
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Dr, Hovda's comments: This brief abstract was reviewed as it represents the first literary mention of Kabocha squash toxicity in dogs. It is important to remember that this is an abstract only and there are no research or other information to support it. Nevertheless, as we learn more about plant poisonings it becomes clear that ornamental squashes, gourds, and pumpkins should be on the veterinarian's radar screen, especially as Halloween and Thanksgiving approach. By: Reviewed by LR Hovda, DVM , MS , ACVIM
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Ehrlichia, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, ingestion of certain plants, snake bite, von Willebrands disease, drugs and toxins, and congenital defects may all cause platelet abnormalities or bleeding problem in pets. However, as you will read severe dental disease may be a cause as well. This article shows that this Samoyed's problem was an immune related response to a disease, not an exposure to a toxin. By: Reviewed by Erica Cargill, CVT
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This case report describes the signs shown by a dog with presumed Kentucky Coffee Tree ( Gymnocladus dioica ) poisoning. The case report is unique in that it presents signs other than expected vomiting, hypotension and bradycardia. In addition, the dog in this case report developed neurologic signs consistent with cerebellar and vestibular dysfunction. Supportive care and tincture of time resulted in reversal of all signs except persistent ocular disease
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This case report describes an approximately 5 times overdose of moxidectin in a 13 day old Arabian/Thoroughbred foal. It presents some information on the use and pharmacokinetics of moxidectin as well as the use of sarmazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist manufactured in Switzerland.
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The review article this month is a case report involving a Siberian Husky ingesting 5-fluorouracil, an ointment applied to the skin for several forms of cancer in human beings. This case report is unique in that it provides sequential blood work from day 1 through day 25 and cytologic examination of the bone marrow on days 8 and 15. It is also the first case report to confirm the presence of echinocytosis in a dog exposed to 5-fluorouracil.
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This article examines the efficacy of dextromethorphan, an NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) antagonist, on repetitive behavior (licking, chewing, itching) in dogs with allergic dermatitis. Dextromethorphan, commonly used as an antitussive or analgesic in small animals, has been found effective in the treatment of equine repetitive behavior (cribbing). Other NMDA blockers have found to lessen pruritic behavior in mice and humans. By: Reviewed by Ahna Brutlag, DVM
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This article, although a year old, provides an excellent review for some of the signs associated with garbage can toxicity. It reviews the diagnosis and treatment of two dogs ingesting moldy dairy products from the garbage. Clinical signs included vomiting and CNS stimulation; tremorgenic mycotoxins were identified in both cases. .
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As we move towards spring it becomes important to know which plants are especially harmful to pets. We have known for many years that Easter Lilies and cats are a bad combination and now this article provides solid evidence that daylilies have the potential to be just as harmful. Take a moment to read through this brief review and you will have one more tool in your box as spring arrives.
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Transdermal drug delivery is an option in situations where other means of therapy have failed. Drugs with an easily measured endpoint and a wide therapeutic window should be used to provide maximum safety. Care should be taken that the condition being treated is not serious, such as a major infection being treated with transdermal antibiotics. It may take trial-and-error to establish an effective medication and dose for a particular patient and some margin of safety should be provided.
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